http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/152 http://localhost:1111/xmlui/retrieve/297 http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/152 http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/903 Hallucinogenic plants of the Shuar and related indigenous groups in Amazonian Ecuador and Peru Bennett, Bradley C. Banisteriopsis caapi, Brugmansia suaveolens, and Nicotiana tabacum are the principal hallucinogens used by the Shuar and related ethnic groups in Amazonian Ecuador and Peru. These three species are common hallucinogens throughout northwestern Amazonia. Banisteriopsis caapi (natem) is the hallucinogen most frequently employed by the Shuar. The Shuar drink the juice of N. tabacum during natem healing ceremonies. They also believe that smoke from N. tabacum cigarettes repel evil spirits. Brugmansia suaveolens is the strongest Shuar hallucinogen. Considered very dangerous, it sometimes is added to natem mixtures or it may be taken alone. Other plants used in hallucinogens or in narcotic beverages include Brunfelsia grandiflora, Cyperus spp., Diplopterys cabrerana, Heliconia stricta, Herrania spp., and Ilex guayusa. Thu, 01 Oct 1992 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/865 Hallucinogenic plants. Various chemical substances are known to be the active hallucinogenic principles in many plants. Farnsworth, Norman R. [INTRODUCTION]: The so-called hallucinogenic drugs, many of which are widely used today, all seem to have in common the power to induce visual or other hallucinations and to divorce the subject from reality. The hallucinogens have a long history. Virtually all of them are derived from plants. Ancient man knew many of these plants, and, because of their effects, ascribed magical or mystical relevance to them, using them as sacraments in religious rites. In more recent times the hallucinogens have been used by individuals who believe that they promote spiritual growth, enhance perception, stimulate personal development, and open up reality. [CONCLUDING REMARKS].. The chemical principles responsible for the effects elicited by the major hallucinogenic plants are summarized in Table 3. It is interesting to note that the genera of Table 3 are distributed in ten different plant families, and that the chemical substances responsible for the hallucinogenic effects are different for eight of the ten families. Or, put another way, when different genera of species of a particular plant family contain true psychotogens, these substances are always chemically similar, if not identical. This is a remarkable finding; chemotaxonomic relationships are not always so clear cut. We are not certain at present of the active psychotomimetic principle of Myristica fragrans, but it appears to be either elemicin or myristicin. Several other minor psychotomimetic plants (for example, Salvia divinorum and Olmedioperebea sclerophylla) remain a mystery, whereas we do not even know the botanical identity of soma. A number of additional hallucinogenic plants are alleged to exist, but in some cases there is a need for verifying the effects, whereas in others the plants are not botanically authenticated. Our present state of knowledge concerning the identity of the active psychotomimetic principles of the well-known hallucinogenic plants is now relatively well established. However, much remains to be discovered regarding the biological effects of these substances, with respect to their action not only on the mind but on various biochemical systems of the body, and on the total organism. Continued interdisciplinary research should provide the answers to those questions that remain concerning these plants and their active principles, and should uncover new hallucinatory substances used in primitive cultures Fri, 06 Dec 1968 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/864 Plant Hallucinogens and the religion of the Mochica—an ancient Peruvian people De Rios, Marlene Dobkin Conclusion This article has attempted to reinterpret a now extinct prehistoric people, the Mochica of Peru, in light of our knowledge of contemporary regional hallucinogenic use. An analysis of Mochica pottery motifs suggests the use of a variety of plant hallucinogens which may have permitted access to supernatural realms. I have argued that studies such as this of prehistoric peoples show the central role that hallucinogenic plants have had throughout time and present a new path to the understanding of prehistoric religions. Fri, 01 Apr 1977 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/853 The sacred narcotic lily of the Nile: Nymphaea caerulea Emboden, William A. A suggestion that certain water lilies might have narcotic properties is found in their frequent use as a motif in funerary art among the Egyptians as well as Mayans. The work of Rands (1953, 1955) traced the New World distribution of water lily motifs throughout Mayan art and made important mythic associations. From the middle of the Classical period until the inception of the Mexican periods, the water lily motif is extremely common and highly varied in its representation. Rands makes the association between this tradition and that in Asiatic art. Sun, 01 Jan 1978 00:00:00 GMT